What power is jointly held by both the House of Representatives and the Senate?

• A. Holding trials of impeachment
• B. Establishing federal courts
• C. Approving treaties
• D. Holding confirmation hearings

Answer: (B)

The power that is jointly held by both the House of Representatives and the Senate is establishing federal courts. This authority stems from Article III of the Constitution, which provides Congress the power to create and organize federal courts below the Supreme Court. While the Constitution grants the Supreme Court specific powers, it leaves the establishment of lower federal courts to the discretion of Congress, enabling it to set jurisdiction and structure.

The other options reflect responsibilities that are not shared between both chambers. For instance, holding trials of impeachment is a power specifically designated to the Senate, since it is responsible for conducting the trial after the House has impeached an official. Approving treaties is reserved for the Senate alone, which must provide advice and consent for treaties negotiated by the President. Holding confirmation hearings is also a power primarily associated with the Senate, which reviews and approves presidential appointments to the federal judiciary and other significant positions. Thus, establishing federal courts is the only power that accurately reflects a joint responsibility of both chambers of Congress.